Kazan city remembers them


Culture and art workers
Public figures
Politicians
Scientists
Religious figures

Culture workers

Abdurahman ABSALYAMOV (1911-1979) Writer.
The most famous works were written after the War in 1941-1945 years: «Gazinur», «Ogon neugasimy (ever burning fire)», «Vechny chelovek (an ageless man)», «Beliye tsvety (white flowers)», «Zelyeny bereg (a green shore)», «Gryanet grom (thunder)». Many works of Absalyamov were translated into various languages of USSR nations and foreign languages, and were published abroad. The writer get a State Prize of the TASSR (Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic) named after G.Tukay for the novel «Ogon neugasimy (ever burning fire)» in 1959.

Evgeny BORATYNSKY (1800-1844) Poet, a member of Liberal community of fanciers of Russian literature. His elegies «Ropot (a grumble)» (1820), «Razuvereniye (disappoint)» (1821), «Potseluy (a kiss)» (1822), «Priznaniye (confession)» (1822) are famous to readers and became a part of style of that time. Famous Russian musician M.Glinka write a music for one of them «Ne iskushay menya bez nuzhdi (Don’t tempt me needlessly)». Poet’s life is closely connecting with Kazan city and Kazan government, where he owned an estate in the Kaymarah village. There is a museum named after Baratynsky in Kazan, which address is Gorky str., 25.

Ayaz GILYAZOV (1928-2002) Prose writer and playwright.
He became widely famous in Tatar literature thanks to his works «Ih bylo chetvero (there were four of them)» (1958), «V seredine (in the middle)» (1969), «Veseniye karavany (spring caravans)» (1972), «Povest o lubvi i nenavisti (a tail about love and hate)» (1973), «V pyatnitsu vecherom (on Friday evening)» (1979), «Tri arshina zemli (three arshins of ground)» (1963). He is an honored arts worker of TASSR (1978) and RSFSR (Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic) (1985), he get a State Prize of the Republic of Tatarstan named after G.Tukay. He is a national writer of the Republic of Tatastan (1993).

Gavriil DERZHAVIN (1743-1816) Poet and statesman.
He served as a state-secretary and senator during the times of Catherine II.
Derzhavin's poetic innovation was showed in the connection of elements of an ode and satire. The visible place in Derzhavin's creativity was consumed with memoirs about «the small native land» - Kazan. In Kazan before the middle of 1930 a monument, which was taken down under instructions of the authorities and sent on a meltdown, was situated in the garden named after him. In 2004 the monument was restored.

Musa DJALIL (1906-1944) Poet, the hero of antifascist resistance.
During the Great Patriotic War he was wounded and fell prisoner, and in 1943 was arrested and placed in prison Moabit in Berlin. In prison he wrote two hand-written books of poems – «Moabitskiye tetradi (Moabitsky writing-books)». On 25th of August, 1944 he was executed on guillotine «for distribution of the Soviet ideology, battalion decomposition» in the prison Plettsenzee (Berlin). «The voice of Musa reached us from the prison Moabit», - the French writer Lui Aragon wrote about him. On 2nd of February, 1956 by the Decree of Presidium of the Soviet of the USSR he was posthumously awarded a rank of the Hero of Soviet Union. He was awarded the Lenin's order. In 1957 the album «Moabitskiye tetradi (Moabitsky writing-books)» was awarded the Lenin’s prize.

Amirkhan YENIKI (1909-2001) Prose writer.
The author of numerous stories from a country life. The most known - «Solnechnoye utro (Sunny morning)» (1950), «Paren pribyl na pobyvku (A boy arrived to stay)» (1953), stories «Bolotny tsvetok (Marshy flower)» (1955), «Marevo (Heat haze)» (1963), «Sovest (Conscience)» (1973), the autobiographical story «Poslednyaya kniga (Last book)» (1981-82). He translated into the Tatar language works of Aytmatov, Paustovsky, Bubennov. The winner of State award of the Republic of Tatarstan named after G.Tukay (1984), award named after G.Ishaki; was awarded the orders of the Labor Red Banner and «the Honor Sign». National writer of TASSR (Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic) (1989).

Muhammet MAGDEEV (1930-1995) Writer.
He came into literature in the end of 60s and established himself as a writer with the story «Mi – deti sorok pervogo goda (We are the children of 1941)». Famous works: novels «Frontoviki (Front-line soldiers)», «Gusinoye pero (Goose feather)», stories «Chelovek uhodit – pesnya ostayetsya (person leaves - the song remains)», «Ogneny tsvetok (Fiery flower)». The national writer of Tatarstan, he was awarded the State Prize of the Republic of Tatarstan named after G.Tukay.

Hadi TAKTASH (1901-1931) Poet, one of the founders of the Tatar Soviet poetry.
The Kazan period of his life was the most favorable for creativity. His first poetic album «Syny Zemli (Sons of the Earth)» was published in 1927, after which H.Taktash finds a new voice. Poems «Alsu», «Raskayaniye lubvi (Repentance of love)», many lyric poems of the poet are full of deep feelings and the experiences expressed in a new key - a key of an intonation poem. His plays «Spryatannoye oruzhiye (Bosomed weapon)», «Utrachennaya krasota (Lost beauty)» and «Kamil» are being staged in the Tatar Drama theatre.

Gabdulla TUKAY (1886-1913) Founder of the classical national poetry, one of fathers of the Tatar literary language.
Tukay is the initiator of the revolutionary-civil lyrics in the Tatar literature. Tukay acts as the revolutionary-democratic satirist in days of reaction after the revolution in 1905-1907. At the same time the poet created a number of works devoted to children: «Shurale» (in 1907 the ballet with the same name was created on a poem’s plot, music of F.Yarullin), a ballad «Vodyanaya» (1908), etc. He translated works of A.Pushkin, M.Lermontov, A.Koltsov, A.Tolstoy. Tukay’s works are translated into many languages of the people of the USSR and foreign languages. In 1958 (with breaks in 1961-65) in Tatar ASSR the republican award named after G.Tukay was founded.

Veronica TUSHNOVA (1915-1965) Poetess.
The participant of the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). Popular albums: «Puti-dorogi (Ways-roads)» (1954), «Pamyat serdtsa (Memory of heart)» (1958), «Sto chasov schastya (Hundred hours of happiness)» (1965), etc., in which she speaks about great love. House of Tushnov’s family is still preserved in the Bolshaya Krasnaya street.

Fedor SHALYAPIN (1873—1938) Great Russian opera singer.
Was born in Kazan, long time sang in chorus. In 1896 famous art patron Savva of Mamontov noticed Shalyapin’s talent and in 1896 invited the singer to his Moscow private opera. Boris («Boris Godunov» by M.Musorgsky), Mefistofel («Faust» by Sh.Guno and «Mefistofel» by A.Boyto), the Miller («Rusalka (Mermaid)» by A.Dargomyzhskogo), Ivan Grozny («Pskovityanka (Female citizen of Pskov)» by N.Rimsky-Korsakov), Susanin («Ivan Susanin» by M.Glinka) are among the best parties. Fedor Shalyapin was also the outstanding chamber singer – he sang Russian national songs, romances, vocal compositions; worked as a stage director - staged operas «Hovanshina» and «Don Kihot». In 1901 acted in Milan «La Scala» theatre, from that moment he constantly went on tour abroad, having won world glory. In the centre of Kazan in the Bauman street there is a monument to the great singer.

Gayaz ISHAKI (1878-1954) Tatar writer and a public figure.
Gayaz Ishaki wrote over 60 works, the most of which has been republished on a modern Tatar type last years. Among the most famous works are («Ischeznoveniye cherez 200 let (Disappearance after 200 years)», 1902-1904), «Turma (Prison)», (1906-1907), «Zuleyha» (1907-1912), «Domoy (Home)» (1922) and many others. Simultaneously with literature Gayaz ishaki began to interest with policy. In August, 1905 at 1st Muslim congress, which was held in Nizhny Novgorod, Gayaz Ishaki heads a group of socialists, and in 1906 was one of organizers of Tatar socialist-revolutionary party.

Baki URMANCHE (1897 - 1991) Painter, sculptor, graphic artist.
B.Urmanche's creativity began during an epoch of revolutionary transformations of 20th years of the last century. After the graduating the Moscow Art-Technical Institute he headed the Kazan art school in 1926-1929, to which revival and strengthening he gave many forces. B.Urmanche left in the inheritance the whole sculptural portrait gallery of the Tatar culture figures – medieval poet Kul-Gali, scientists Sh.Mardzhani, K.Nasyri, poet Derdmend, writer F.Amirhan, etc.

Nikolay FESHIN (1881-1955) Russian artist, a master of painting and graphic, a representative of impressionism and modern.
He was taught by I.Repin, was a member of «itinerants association». From 1909 he lived in Kazan and taught at local art school. He came forward as the author of dynamical on a picturesque molding, colorful pictures, devoted to a life of people of the Volga region. Having received the offer to teach in New York, he went to the USA (1923), lived in New York. During the late period has moved to Los Angeles. He had a sensational success as the society portraitist. In 1981 in his house in Taose the Institute named after Feshin with museum and the educational centre was founded.

Vasily KACHALOV (1875 - 1948) Actor.
He became popular in 1900, during that period the scenic pseudonym «Kachalov», which was known by theatre world, was fixated to him.
Per 1900 Kachalov has received the invitation in the Moscow Art theatre.
The monument to great Russian actor Vasily Kachalov is established in foyer-atriume of the Kazan Russian drama theatre, already almost six decades of V.I.Kachalov carrying a name.

Karim TINCHURIN (1887-1938) Playwright, stage director
Studied in famous Tatar medrese «Muhammadiya», which left among 82 dissatisfied shakirds (pupils); wandered, worked as a teacher. The rich life experience got for these years, served as a good school for the future of playwright. In 1910 K.Tinchurin was accepted to the first professional troupe «Sayar». In November, 1922 a Tatar Academic theatre named after G.Kamal was founded under his management in Kazan. His plays were included into a gold fund of national dramatic art and theatre.

Public figures

Karl FUCHS (1776 - 1846). Doctor, naturalist, historian
The first researcher of life and culture of the Kazan Tatars. Based the Kazan school of naturalists, wrote a management on practice medicine and hygiene in Tatar language. He promoted the idea of creation of the first botanical garden in Kazan. During the time of his principalship, the Kazan University built an architectural ensemble of the main building. Karl Fuchs is the first doctor admitted by the Kazan Tatars. Knowledge of Tatar language and doubtless medical talent bribed citizens of Kazan. In the centre of Kazan there is a square named after K.Fuchs and a monument to him.

Kayum NASYRI (1825-1902). Scientist, writer and the educator of the Tatar people.
Kayum Nasyri during his more than semicentennial scientific, literary and pedagogical activity published about forty works on fiction, folklore, philology, pedagogic, mathematician, history, geography, astronomy and other branches of science. Being the writer-democrat, the educator, Kayum Nasyri all life has given to business of distribution among the Tatar population of science and knowledge, culture and progress. He went in advance representatives of a democratic direction in a public life, constantly stood up for rapprochement of Tatars with figures of Russian revolutionary movement, struggled for studying by Tatars of Russian language.

Fatiha AITOVA (1866-1942). A patron of art, a public figure.
Aitov’s dynasty is known as a family of the Tatar millionaires and patrons of art, founders of two Kazan mosques and the first Tatar female grammar school.
Fatiha Yausheva, the supporter of a secular education of Tatars, in 1897 by the source of herself opened an elementary school for girls from poor families in Kazan. Later founded first national female grammar school in Kazan, for which her husband constructed a fine brick building, having equipped it with all necessary. In 1909 the initial female secular Tatar school, since 1916 – a grammar school were opened.

Gabdulla APANAYEV (1862-1918) Religious and public figure, teacher-new-supervisor.
Belongs to one of the most ancient, rich and branched out Tatar surnames of Kazan. Since 1880 he was an imam-khatib of Senna mosque, where in 1892 he founded a new-fashioned medrese. In 1892-1918 was occupied with pedagogical and publishing activity in Kazan, published the newspaper «Azat». Simultaneously in 1902-1907 he was the chairman of board «Society of grants to poor Moslems of Kazan». He is the one of the first victims of red terror.

Galimdzhan IBRAGIMOV (1887-1938). Writer, scientist, a public figure.
One of the leaders and founders of Tatar-Bashkir Muslim left socialist revolutionary Party.
The most known works are «Sudba tatarskoy zhenshini (Destiny of the Tatar woman)» «Deti prirody (Children of nature)», novels «Molodye serdtsa (Young hearts)», «Nashi dni (Our days)». Among scientific works are «the Tatar grammar» (1911), «the Literature theory» (1916), «the Technique of teaching of the native language» (1918).

Karl KLAUS (1796-1864) Chemist and botanist.
He was a professor of chemistry of the Kazan University since 1839, and a professor of pharmacy of Derpt University since 1852.
He became famous after that in 1844 has opened in the rests of the Ural platinum ore a new element which named ruthenium (from Late Latin Ruthenia — Russia). N.Zinin and A. Butlerov are among his pupils. In 1854 he was chosen as the honorary member of the Kazan University, since 1861 he was a member-correspondent of the Petersburg Academy of sciences. He was chosen as a member-correspondent of the Berlin Academy of sciences. Klaus is known also as the researcher of flora of Trance-Volga and Near-Caspian steppes.

Mikhail Nuzhin (1914-1983) Scientist and teacher.
One of founders of the mathematical theory of return boundary problems for analytical functions and its supplements. When M.Nuzhin was a chancellor of the university there appeared new scientific directions: bionics, biophysics, biochemistry, physics and chemistry of semiconductors and also the university computing centre was created.
From 1954 to 1979 M.Nuzhin was the chancellor of Kazan university, head of the theoretical mechanics department. In 1964 M.Nuzhin was named the RSFSR honored worker of science.
He was elected the deputy of the RSFSR Supreme Council in 1959-1967, and the deputy of TASSR Supreme Council in 1971-1980.

Athanassy Schapov (1831-1876) Historian, publicist, writer, philosopher.
Read lectures on Russian history in the Kazan seminary, was a member of the secret students’ society «Kazan Students Library» and the author of its program.
A.Schapov was a member of the board of the Imperial Russian Geographical society’s Siberian branch, as an ethnographer participated in the expeditions to Turuhansky kray in 1866, and to Verholensky and Balagansky districts of Irkutsk province in 1874.
Exactly in Kazan the historian-democrat Schapov became the advanced scientist and played an important role in awakening of the young generation consciousness.

Politicians

Sardar Vaisov (1878 - 1918) - Leader of the national liberation movement known as «Vaisovsky».
In Kazan S.Vaisov restored “ The Muslim Academy”, which was ruined by tsarism. Many years he was in friendly correspondence with Lev Tolstoy, met him, writer even rendered the monetary support to Muslim Academy. The court over Vaisov party after which Sardar Vaisov was imprisoned and exiled to Siberia took place in October, 23, 1910.

Mullanur Vakhitov (1885-1918) revolutionary.
Studied in Kazan real school where he became one of the founders of the literary circle «Shimbya» ("Saturday"). During the study in real school he took an active part in revolutionary struggle. In March 1917 initiated the foundation of Muslim socialist committee. After meeting with V.Lenin Vakhitov became the chairman of the Central Muslim commissariat. M.Vakhitov was one of the initiators of foundation of the Tatar-Bashkir Republic, and the extraordinary commissioner for provision supply in the Volga region.

Sadri Maksudi (1878-1957) Public worker, statesman, scientist.
Studied in Kazan in “Kul Bue” medrese, in Crimea in I.Gasprinsky new methods medrese, in Kazan teacher's school and in Sorbonne. During the period of the democratic changes in 1906-1912 he developed wide activity in national movement. Two times Sadri Maksudi was elected the deputy in the State Duma from the Muslims of Kazan. In July, 1917 in Kazan there was opened the Kurultay (meeting) of the Turkish people of Russia where was announced about the creation of the national-cultural autonomy of the Volga-Ural Turkish people. Ufa was chosen as the capital and Maksudi was elected the head of the autonomy. But such form of the national-state formation mismatched the national program of Bolsheviks, therefore it ceased to exist, and its leaders were pursued. Maksudi and his colleagues have to emigrate.

Fuad Tuktarov (1888-1938). Politician, journalist.
One of the founders and heads of the “tangists” organization (1905 – 1907). The founder and the chairman of the Muslim committee (1917-1918), the participant of the I and II All-Russia Muslim congresses. In 1917 was the town councilor of Kazan municipal duma, a member of the Milli Shura executive committee of the Kazan province. F. Tuktarov emigrated in 1919 and together with Maksudi and Iskhaky take an active part in the work of the Parisian peace conference. From the middle 1920-s lived in Turkey, was engaged in journalistic and pedagogical activity.

Scientists

Semyon ALTSHULER (1911-1983) Physicist.
Corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1976), the honored worker of science of the RSFSR (1970).
Since 1934 worked in Kazan university, has predicted the existence of the magnetic moment of the neutron and has theoretically proved the phenomenon of the acoustic paramagnetic resonance. In 1952 laid the foundation of the new scientific direction - physics-quantum acoustics.
The ideas which were born in Kazan university, made and continue making fruitful impact on many directions of modern physics.

Aleksandr Arbuzov (1877-1968) Chemist.
In 1901 A.Arbuzov for the first time in the history of the Russian chemistry made magnesium-organic synthesis. During the period of the I World War and Civil war A.Arbuzov founded chemist-pharmaceutical factory in Kazan, except university department, he headed the department in the veterinary institute and in the agriculture and forestry institute. The main topics of his scientific works are the researches on organ phosphorous compounds.
The member of the Academy of sciences (1942), owner of the USSR State award (1943 and 1947), 5 Lenin orders, Hero of the Socialist Work (1947). He was elected the deputy of the Supreme Council of the USSR for several times.
Kazan street and Academic Institute of organic physical chemistry are named after Aleksandr Arbuzov.

Vladimir BEKHTEREV (1857-1927) Neuropathologist and the psychiatrist. Since 1885 Vladimir Bekhterev was the head of psychiatry department of Kazan university. Simultaneously worked as the adviser in the psycho neurological hospital where he founded the first in the world psycho physiological laboratory. He also founded «The Society of psychiatrists and neuropathologists of Russia», started publishing «The Neurology bulletin» (1893). The scientific school founded by V.Bekhterev got world recognition.
Since 1894 he was the professor of neuropathology and psychiatry in the Petersburg Military Medical Academy. In 1918 he was appointed the head of the State institute for brain studying established by the government.
One of the streets in the center of Kazan and municipal psycho neurological hospital are named after Vladimir Bekhterev.

Ivan Baudouin de Courtenay (1845-1929) linguist, founder of Kazan linguistic school.
Since 1875 was the senior lecturer in Kazan university on the department of the comparative Indo-European linguistics. In 1876-80 taught Russian and Slavic dialects in Kazan Seminary. He began teaching the Turkish-Tatar language and the Finnish dialects. I.Baudouin de Courtenay was a member and a founder of the archeology, history and ethnography society at the university, showed the great care of library. He also was the founder of the famous linguists’ school of Kazan.

Aleksandr Butlerov (1828-1886) organic chemist, the founder of the theory of a chemical structure
In the late fifties he re-equipped the chemical laboratory and together with the pupils made a number of experimental researches, developed the theory of the chemical structure of substance. Since 1857 he was the ordinary professor of Kazan university, read lectures in Europe and then became a member of the Parisian chemical society. In Kazan he was twice elected the chancellor of Kazan university in 1852 and 1864 and made a lot for the equipping of its scientific laboratories. His book «Introduction to full studying of organic chemistry» (1864-1866) became the revolutionary one in the chemical science.
There is a bronze monument for Aleksandr Butlerov in the center of Kazan ( erected in 1986), one of the streets in Kazan and Research Chemical Institute are named after him.

Aleksandr VISHNEVSKY (1874-1948) Surgeon, founder of the well-known medical ointment, the founder of the doctors’ dynasty, academician.
In 1914–25 headed the surgery hospital and in 1926–34 headed the faculty surgical hospital in Kazan. Since 1947 Aleksandr Vishnevsky was the director of the surgery institute of the USSR Medical Science Academy, which was named after him in 1948. He founded large surgical school. A.Vishnevsky was awarded the USSR State award (1942), Lenin award, Labor Red Banner award and numerous medals. Full member of the USSR Medical Science Academy (1947), the honored science worker (1934).

Dmitry and Aleksandr Dubyago, astronomers.
Dubyago Dmitry (1849-1918) – the professor of Kazan university, since 1884 was the first director of the university observatory. On the basis of the astronomical observation in 1869-1992 he made the catalogue of 4281 stars. Investigated an orbit of the Neptune satellite and created the theory of the Diana minor planet movement. He also founded new, more well-equipped and powerful observatory in the suburbs of Kazan in 1901. In 1899-1905 he was the University chancellor.
His son – Dubyago Aleksandr (1903-1959) - also became the well-known astronomer, in the world of science is known as the founder of Kazan comet school. The minor planet (1930) and the comet (1921) were named after Aleksandr Dubyago.
Alexander began a new branch of comet astronomy and brought up the pupils, for which the continuation of the science in this direction became the business of their lives.

Evgeny ZAVOYSKY (1907-1976) Physicist.
In 1944 discovered new fundamental phenomenon - electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The progress in such fields of science as physics of the magnetic phenomena, physics of the solid body, physics of liquids, inorganic chemistry, biology, and medicine is connected with EPR. Among its applications - quantum paramagnetic amplifiers with the help of which the distant outer-space communication is carried out.
After the scientist death in 1977, EPR discovery was awarded with prize of the International society of the magnetic resonance, and in 1991 there was established the International award of Evgeny Zavoysky.

Nikolay ZININ (1812-1880) organic chemist, founder of Kazan scientific school of chemists.
In 1868-1878 N.Zinin was the first chairman of the Russian chemical society. The world recognition to the scientist came after the aniline synthesis by the means of the chemical reaction discovered by him.
Foreign scientists elected N.Zinin a corresponding member of the French academy of sciences, Berlin and London chemical societies.
One of the streets in Kazan is named after Nikolay Zinin.

Gilm Kamay (1901-1970) chemist.
The basic researches were made in the field of hetero-organic and nitro compound chemistry. In 1934 – 1947 G.Kamay developed methods of the synthesis of many phosphorus and arsenic organic compounds, and also discovered by him class of mixed phosphorus and arsenic organic compounds in which the atom of phosphorus is directly connected with the atom of arsenic. His works on contraction of the arsenic derivatives were the basis of the production technology of the element organic compounds, used in agriculture and medicine. Gilm Kamay was awarded the USSR State Award in 1951.

Nikolay LOBACHEVSKY (1792-1856) Mathematician, the founder of the non-Euclidean geometry, the figure of the university education and national education.
Lobachevsky was the chancellor of Kazan university in 1827 - 1846.
Thanks to his efforts the Kazan university became first-class, authoritative and well equipped educational institution, one of the best in Russia.
The crater on the Moon is named in honor of Nikolay Lobachevsky. The streets in the Southwest of Moscow and in the centre of Kazan are named after Nikolay Lobachevsky.

Galimdzhan Barudi (1857-1921) Religious and public figure.
One of the Dzhadism ideologists. The founder and the head of the “Muhammadia” medrese. For the long period of time his medrese was the centre of the new method education and became the greatest Muslim educational institution in all Russia.
Barudi took an active part in the work of the II and III All-Russia Muslim Congresses, was elected a member of the Central Committee of the “Ittifak - al-muslimin” party.
G.Barudi is the author of the textbooks on the Islamic dogma, arithmetic, the Tatar language ABC-book «Savadkhan».

Shigabutdin Mardzhani (1818-1889) Philosopher, the historian and the religious reformer.
Sh.Mardzhani opened new method medrese, where the formation and education of shakirds (pupils) was made taking into account the public process requirements. He spent great efforts for gathering the documents, old books and manuscripts relating to the history and culture of the native people.
In 70 – 80-s of XIX century educational ideas of Mardzhani covered the most various parts of the Tatar people public life renewal, including thoughts on necessity of the secular education for the Tatar people, mastering of the progressive heritage of the past (antique Arabic thought) and the present (Russian and West European cultures).
Medrese, opened by Sh.Mardzhani in 1870 is named after its founder «Mardzhania». Sh.Mardzhani's house still remains in K.Nasyri street,11.